In Urbanization from Within , Gregory F. Randolph challenges the conventional story of urbanization as a permanent exodus from rural areas to cities, providing a novel understanding of how humans are becoming an increasingly urban species. Drawing on research in the Indian state of Bihar, Randolph argues that agrarian villages are transforming into urban towns through internal population growth, circular out-migration, and the emergence of a bootstrapped non-farm economy. He details these mechanisms while linking them to a set of global forces shaping twenty-first century urban transitions in and beyond India, with important insight for scholars, practitioners and policymakers. Gregory F. Randolph is Assistant Professor of City and Regional Planning at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His research focuses on labor, economic geography, and urbanization, with attention to processes of uneven development and the ways in which people and communities experience and shape major twenty-first century transitions. A Fulbright-Hays and Fulbright-Nehru scholar, Randolph holds a PhD in Urban Planning and Development from the University of Southern California. Alongside his academic work, he supports non-profit and governmental institutions in both the Global South and North in their efforts to forge inclusive urban economies. Gregory F. Randolph is Assistant Professor of City and Regional Planning at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His research focuses on labor, economic geography, and urbanization, with attention to processes of uneven development and the ways in which people and communities experience and shape major twenty-first century transitions. A Fulbright-Hays and Fulbright-Nehru scholar, Randolph holds a PhD in Urban Planning and Development from the University of Southern California. Alongside his academic work, he supports non-profit and governmental institutions in both the Global South and North in their efforts to forge inclusive urban economies.